Manchester City will face Real Madrid while holders Liverpool have been drawn against Atletico Madrid in the last 16 of the Champions League.
Chelsea take on Bayern Munich in a repeat of the 2012 final won by the Blues while Tottenham face RB Leipzig.
In the pick of the other ties, Borussia Dortmund will play Paris St-Germain and Napoli take on Barcelona.
The first legs will be played on 18, 19, 25 and 26 February with the return matches on 10, 11, 17 and 18 March.
This season’s final is on 30 May at the Ataturk Stadium in Istanbul, the ground where Liverpool won the epic 2005 final against AC Milan, when they came back from three goals down to draw 3-3 and win on penalties.
The Reds’ last-16 draw also takes them back to the stadium in which they won last year’s final – Atletico’s Wanda Metropolitano.
City’s tie with Real features the first competitive meeting between multiple Champions League-winning managers Pep Guardiola and Zinedine Zidane.
The Frenchman won the competition three times in a row with Los Blancos from 2016 while Guardiola won it with Barcelona in 2009 and 2011.
That was Guardiola’s last triumph in the competition though, and his City side were beaten by eventual runners-up Tottenham in the quarter-finals last season.
Spurs have changed manager since then, with Mauricio Pochettino succeeded by Jose Mourinho, who has two previous Champions League wins to his name – Porto in 2004 and Inter Milan in 2010.
Their opponents RB Leipzig currently lead the German Bundesliga and have in Timo Werner one of Europe’s most coveted strikers and in Julian Nagelsmann one of the continent’s most promising young coaches.
Chelsea face a tough tie against five-time Champions League winners Bayern Munich, who are reigning Bundesliga champions but sit fifth in the league and sacked manager Niko Kovac last month.
The other two last-16 ties see Italian club Atalanta face Valencia of Spain, while Serie A champions Juventus take on resurgent French side Lyon.
Arsenal, Celtic, Manchester United, Wolves and Rangers will find out their Europa League last-32 opponents when that draw takes place at 12:00 GMT on Monday.
Last-16 draw in full
Borussia Dortmund v Paris St-Germain
Real Madrid v Manchester City
Atalanta v Valencia
Atletico Madrid v Liverpool
Chelsea v Bayern Munich
Lyon v Juventus
Tottenham v RB Leipzig
Napoli v Barcelona
Champions League calendar
18, 19, 25, 26 February: Last-16 first legs
10, 11, 17, 18 March: Last-16 second legs
20 March: Quarter-finals and semi-finals draw
7, 8 April: Quarter-finals first leg
14, 15 April: Quarter-finals second leg
28, 29 April: Semi-finals first leg
5, 6 May: Semi-finals second leg
30 May: Final